BFS 1

发布于 2024-01-15  131 次阅读


单词接龙

字典 wordList 中从单词 beginWordendWord 的 转换序列 是一个按下述规格形成的序列 beginWord -> s1 -> s2 -> ... -> sk

  • 每一对相邻的单词只差一个字母。
  • 对于 1 <= i <= k 时,每个 si 都在 wordList 中。注意, beginWord 不需要在 wordList 中。
  • sk == endWord

给你两个单词 beginWordendWord 和一个字典 wordList ,返回 从 beginWordendWord 的 最短转换序列 中的 单词数目 。如果不存在这样的转换序列,返回 0

示例 1:

输入:beginWord = "hit", endWord = "cog", wordList = ["hot","dot","dog","lot","log","cog"]
输出:5
解释:一个最短转换序列是 "hit" -> "hot" -> "dot" -> "dog" -> "cog", 返回它的长度 5。

示例 2:

输入:beginWord = "hit", endWord = "cog", wordList = ["hot","dot","dog","lot","log"]
输出:0
解释:endWord "cog" 不在字典中,所以无法进行转换。

解法1 双向BFS 速度最快解法 3hashset提速

class Solution {
    public int ladderLength(String beginWord, String endWord, List<String> wordList) {
            if (!wordList.contains(endWord)) {
            return 0;
        }

        Set<String> start = new HashSet<>();
        Set<String> end = new HashSet<>();
        Set<String> dic = new HashSet<>(wordList);

        start.add(beginWord);
        end.add(endWord);
        int step = 1;

        while (!start.isEmpty() && !end.isEmpty()) {
            Set<String> tmp = new HashSet<>();

            for (String cur : start) {
                if (end.contains(cur)) {
                    return step;
                }

                char[] cs = cur.toCharArray();
                // 优化2
                for (int i = 0; i < cs.length; i++) {
                    char temp = cs[i];
                    // 变化
                    for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; c++) {
                        if (c == temp) {
                            continue;
                        }
                        cs[i] = c;
                        String nCur = new String(cs);
                        if (dic.contains(nCur)) {
                            if (end.contains(nCur)) {
                                return step + 1;
                            } else {
                                tmp.add(nCur);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    // 复原
                    cs[i] = temp;
                }
            }
            step++;
            dic.removeAll(start);
            start = end;
            end = tmp;

            // 优化3
            if (start.size() > end.size()) {
                tmp = start;
                start = end;
                end = tmp;
            }
        }
        return 0;
    }
}

解法2 先建图,再bfs,方法启发性强

class Solution {
    Map<String, Integer> wordId = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
    List<List<Integer>> edge = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();
    int nodeNum = 0;

    public int ladderLength(String beginWord, String endWord, List<String> wordList) {
        for (String word : wordList) {
            addEdge(word);
        }
        addEdge(beginWord);
        if (!wordId.containsKey(endWord)) {
            return 0;
        }
        int[] dis = new int[nodeNum];
        Arrays.fill(dis, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
        int beginId = wordId.get(beginWord), endId = wordId.get(endWord);
        dis[beginId] = 0;

        Queue<Integer> que = new LinkedList<Integer>();
        que.offer(beginId);
        while (!que.isEmpty()) {
            int x = que.poll();
            if (x == endId) {
                return dis[endId] / 2 + 1;
            }
            for (int it : edge.get(x)) {
                if (dis[it] == Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
                    dis[it] = dis[x] + 1;
                    que.offer(it);
                }
            }
        }
        return 0;
    }

    public void addEdge(String word) {
        addWord(word);
        int id1 = wordId.get(word);
        char[] array = word.toCharArray();
        int length = array.length;
        for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
            char tmp = array[i];
            array[i] = '*';
            String newWord = new String(array);
            addWord(newWord);
            int id2 = wordId.get(newWord);
            edge.get(id1).add(id2);
            edge.get(id2).add(id1);
            array[i] = tmp;
        }
    }

    public void addWord(String word) {
        if (!wordId.containsKey(word)) {
            wordId.put(word, nodeNum++);
            edge.add(new ArrayList<Integer>());
        }
    }
}